When the blessed month of Ramadan is approaching, the scholars in our country start to distribute pamphlets explaining how to fast and what breaks the fast. One of the things they say is that the one who swallows phlegm or mucus, or puts his finger in his ear, has broken his fast. Is this correct?.

Praise be to Allaah. 

Firstly:

 The scholars (may Allah have mercy on them) differed concerning the fasting person swallowing phlegm or mucus: does it invalidate the fast or not? The correct view is that it does not invalidate it, because it does not come under the same heading as food and drink. 

Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allah have mercy on him) said: When the scholars differ, the reference point is the Qur’aan and Sunnah. If we are uncertain about a matter, as to whether it invalidates the act of worship or does not, the basic principle is that it does not invalidate it (unless there is evidence to the contrary). Based on that, swallowing phlegm does not break the fast. 

What matters is that one should leave phlegm and avoid trying to bring it up to the mouth from the throat. But if it comes up to the mouth, he should expel it, whether he is fasting or not. With regard to putting drops in the ears and whether that breaks the fast, that requires evidence that will be proof for the individual before Allah, may He be glorified and exalted, concerning breaking the fast.

End quote from Majmoo‘ al-Fataawa, 19/356 

He also said: The more correct view is that phlegm does not break the fast even if it reaches the mouth and one swallows it. It does not break the fast but one should not swallow it, because the scholars forbade that, because it is something off-putting and one should not swallow it.

End quote from Liqa’ al-Baab al-Maftooh, no. 152 

Secondly:

 As for putting one’s finger in one’s ear, that definitely does not break the fast. In fact, even if one puts drops or medicine in the ear and can taste it in the throat, that does not invalidate the fast because there is no evidence to suggest that the fast is invalidated by that. 

And Allah knows best.

My wife is 7 months pregnant does she need to have fast if not what she needs to do in-spite .

 Praise be to Allaah.  

The most correct view compares pregnant and nursing women to those who are sick, so it is permissible for them not to fast, and all they have to do is make up the days they missed, whether they feared for themselves or their child. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Allaah has relieved the traveller of the obligation of fasting and half of the prayer, and He has relieved the pregnant woman and nursing mother of the obligation of fasting.” Narrated by al-Tirmidhi, 715; Ibn Maajah, 1667; classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Tirmidhi, 575. 

From Saba’oona Mas’alah fi’l-Siyaam (Seventy Issues related to Fasting). 

If a pregnant woman fears that fasting may harm her or her baby, then she should follow the ruling on one who is sick. So she may break her fast and she has to make up the days that she did not fast, because Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): 

“and whoever is ill or on a journey, the same number [of days which one did not observe Sawm (fasts) must be made up] from other days”

[al-Baqarah 2:185] 

“So whoever of you sights (the crescent on the first night of) the month (of Ramadan i.e. is present at his home), he must observe Sawm (fasts) that month”

[al-Baqarah 2:185] 

In most cases, fasting is difficult for pregnant women, especially in the final months, and fasting may affect the pregnancy. So she should refer to a trustworthy doctor for advice. 

See al-Sharh al-Mumti’, 6/359.